Akiyama H, Yagi K and Yan X (2005)
Direct N2O emissions from rice paddy fields: summary of available
data. Global Biogeochem Cy 19: GB1005.
Akiyama H, Yan X and Yagi K (2006)
Estimations of emission factors for fertilizer-induced direct N2O
emissions from agricultural soils in Japan: Summary of available data. Soil Sci
Plant Nutr 52:774–787.
Arp D J, Stein LY (2003) Metabolism of
inorganic N compounds by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol
38:471–495.
Aulakh MS, Walters DT, Doran JW,
Francis DD, MosierAR (1991) Crop residue type and placement effects on
denitrification and mineralization. Soil Sci Soc Am J 55:1020–1025.
Baggs EM (2011) Soil microbial sources
of nitrous oxide: recent advances in knowledge, emerging challenges and future
direction. Curr Opin Environ Sus 3: 321–327.
Bhandral R, Saggar S, Bolan NS, Hedley
MJ (2007) Transformation of nitrogen and nitrous oxide emission from grassland
soils as affected by compaction. Soil Tillage Res 94:482–492.
Bouwman AF (1996) Direct emission of
nitrous oxide from agricultural soils. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 46:53–70.
Box GEP, Cox DR (1964) An Analysis of
Transformations, J Roy Stat Soc26:211–234.
Bradley RL, Whalen J, Chagnon PL, Lanoix
M, Alves MC (2011) Nitrous oxide production and potential denitrification in
soils from riparian buffer strips: Influence of earthworms and plant litter.
Appl Soil Ecol 47:6–13.
Bremner JM (1997) Sources of nitrous oxide in soils. Nutr Cycl
Agroecosys 49:7–16.
Brown
L, Syed B, JarvisSC,
Sneath RW, Phillips VR, Goulding KWT, Li C (2002) Development and application
of a mechanistic model to estimate emission of nitrous oxide from UK
agriculture. Atmos Environ 36:917–928.
Butterbach-Bahl K,
Breuer L, Gasche R, Willibald G and Papen H (2002) Exchange of trace gases
between soils and the atmosphere in Scots pine forest ecosystems of the
northeastern German lowlands: 1. Fluxes of N2O, NO/NO2
and CH4 at forest sites with different N-deposition. For Ecol Manage
167:123–134.
Chapuis-Lardy L, Wrage N, Metay A, Chotte JL,
Bernoux M (2007) Soils, a sink for N2O? A review. Glob Change Biol 13:1–17.
Crutzen P (1970) The influence of
nitrogen oxides on the atmospheric ozone content. Q J Roy Meteor Soc
96:320–325.
Crutzen P J,
Mosier A R, Smith K A and Winiwarter W (2008) N2O release from
agro-biofuel production negates global warming reduction by replacing fossil
fuels. Atmos Chem Phys 8:389–395.
Curtin, D., M.H. Beare, G.
Hernandez-Ramirez(2012) Temperature and moisture effects on microbial biomass and soil
organic matter mineralization. Soil
Sci Soc Am Jdoi:10.2136/sssaj2012.0011 (available
online 24 July 2012)
Dalal RC, Allen DE (2008) Greenhouse gas fluxes from natural ecosystems. Aust J Bot 56:369–407.
de Klein CAM,
Eckard RJ, van der Weerden TJ (2010) Nitrous oxide emissions from the N cycle
in livestock agriculture: estimation and mitigation. In: Nitrous Oxide and
Climate Change (Ed. K.A. Smith), Earthscan Publications. pp 107–142.
Dobbie KE, Smith KA (2001) The effects
of temperature, water-filled pore space and land-use on N2O
emissions from an imperfectly drained gleysol. Eur J Soil Sci 52:667–673.
Forster P, Ramaswamy V, Artaxo P,
Berntsen T, Betts R, Fahey D, Haywood J, Lean J, Lowe D, Myhre G (2007) Changes
in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing In: Solomon S, Qin D,
Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tignor M, Miller HL (Ed.), Climate
Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis., pp. 129–234.
Groenigen WJ, Velthof GL, Bolt FJEvd,
Vos A, Kuikman PJ (2005) Seasonal variation in N2O emissions from
urine patches: Effects of urine concentration, soil compaction and dung. Plant
Soil 273:15–27.
Groffman P, Hanson G (1997) Wetland
denitrification: Influence of site quality and relationships with wetland
delineation protocols. Soil Sci Soc Am J 61:323–329.
Groffman PM, Gold AJ, Jacinthe PA
(1998) Nitrous oxide production in riparian zones and groundwater. Nutr Cycl
Agroecosyst 52:179–186.
Gu J, Zheng X, Wang Y, Ding W, Zhu B,
Chen X, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Shi Y, Zhu J (2007) Regulatory effects of soil
properties on background N2O emissions from agricultural soils in
China. Plant Soil 295:53–65.
Gu J, Zheng X, Zhang W (2009)
Background nitrous oxide emissions from croplands in China in the year 2000.
Plant Soil 320:307–320.
Hefting M, Beltman B, Karssenberg D,
Rebel K, van Riessen M, Spijker M (2006) Water quality dynamics and hydrology
in nitrate loaded riparian zones in the Netherlands. Environ Pollut 139:143–156.
Hernandez-Ramirez G, Brouder SM, Smith DR, Van Scoyoc GE (2009a)
Greenhouse gas fluxes in an eastern Corn Belt
soil: Weather, nitrogen source and rotation. J Environ Qual 38:841–854.
Hernandez-Ramirez G, Brouder SM,
Smith DR, Van Scoyoc GE, Michalski G (2009b) Nitrous oxide production
in an eastern corn belt soil:
Sources and Redox Range. Soil Sci Soc Am J 73:1182–1191.
Huang Y, Zou J, Zheng X, Wang Y, Xu X
(2004) Nitrous oxide emissions as influenced by amendment of plant residues
with different C:N ratios. Soil Biol Biochem 36:973–981.
Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2006) IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse
gas inventories. IGES, Hayama,
Japan
Kim D-G, Hernandez-Ramirez G, Giltrap D (2012) Linear and nonlinear
dependency of direct nitrous oxide emissions on fertilizer nitrogen input: A
meta-analysis. Agric Ecosyst Environ doi:10.1016/j.agee.2012.02.021
Kim D-G, Isenhart TM, Parkin TB,
Schultz RC, Loynachan TE, Raich JW (2009) Nitrous oxide emissions from riparian
forest buffers, warm-season and cool-season grass filters, and crop fields.
Biogeosciences Discuss. 6:607–650.
Kim, D-G, Vargas R, Bond-Lamberty B,
Turetsky MR (2012) Effects of soil rewetting and thawing on soil gas fluxes: a
review of current literature and suggestions for future research,
Biogeosciences 9:2459–2483.
Knowles R (1982) Denitrification.
Microbiological Reviews 46:43–70.
Kowalchuk GA, Stephen JR (2001)
Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria: A model for molecular microbial ecology. Ann Rev
Microbiol 55:485–529.
Kruskal
WH, WallisWA (1952) Use of ranks in one-criterion variance analysis. J Am Stat
Assoc 47:583–621.
Li C,
Zhuang Y, Cao M, Crilll P, Dai Z, Frolking S, Moore B, Salas W, Song W, Wang X
(2001) Comparing a national inventory of N2O emissions from arable
lands in China developed with a process-based agro-ecosystem model to the IPCC
methodology. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 60:159–170.
Miller MN, Zebarth BJ, Dandie CE,
Burton DL, Goyer C, Trevors JT (2008) Crop residue influence on denitrification,
N2O emissions and denitrifier community abundance in soil. Soil Biol
Biochem 40:2553–2562.
Neftel A, Flechard C, Ammann C, Conen
F, Emmenegger L, Zeyer K (2007) Experimental assessment of N2O
background fluxes in grassland systems. Tellus B 59:470–482.
Parkin TB, Kaspar TC (2006) Nitrous oxide emissions from corn–soybean
systems in the Midwest. J Environ Qual 35:1496–1506.
Parkin TB, Kaspar TC, Singer JW (2006) Cover crop effects on the fate of
N following soil application of swine manure. Plant Soil 289:141–152.
Patureau D, Zumstein E, Delgenes J,
Moletta R (2000) Aerobic denitrifiers isolated from diverse natural and managed
ecosystems. Microb Ecol 39: 145–152.
Pihlatie M K,
Christiansen J R, Aaltonen H, Korhonen J F J, Nordbo A, Rasilo T, Benanti G,
Giebels M, Helmy M, Sheehy J, Jones S, Juszczak R, Klefoth R, Lobo-do-Vale R,
Rosa A P, Schreiber P, Serça D, Vicca S, Wolf B, Pumpanen J (2013) Comparison
of static chambers to measure CH4 emissions from soils. Agr Forest
Meteorol 171–172: 124–136.
Reich PB,
Hobbie SE, Lee T, Ellsworth DS, West JB, Tilman D, Knops JMH, Naeem S, Trost J
(2005) Nitrogen limitation constrains sustainability of ecosystem response to
CO2. Nature 440: 922–925.
Rochette P,
Eriksen-Hamel NS (2008) Chamber measurements of soil nitrous oxide flux: are
absolute values reliable?. Soil Sci So Am J 72: 331–342.
Russell AE, Raich JW (2012) Rapidly growing tropical trees mobilize
remarkable amounts of nitrogen, in ways that differ surprisingly among species.
Proc Natl Acad Sci 109: 10398–10402.
Saggar S, Luo J, Kim D-G, Jha N (2011)
Intensification in pastoral farming: impacts on soil attributes and gaseous
emissions. In: B. P. Singh, A. Cowie and Y. Chan (Eds.), Soil Health and
Climate Change (Soil Biology Series).
Springer-Verlag. pp. 207–236.
Sauer TJ, Compston SR, West CP, Hernandez-Ramirez G, Gbur EE, Parkin
TB (2009) Nitrous oxide emissions from a bermudagrass pasture: Interseeded winter
rye and poultry litter. Soil Biol Biochem 41:1417–1424.
Shapiro
SS, WilkMB
(1965) An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples).
Biometrika 52:591–611.
Smith DR, Hernandez-Ramirez G, ShalamarSD, Bucholtz DL, StottDE (2011) Nitrogen fertilizer and tillage management
impacts on non-CO2greenhouse emissions in corn/soybean and biomass cropping
systems. Soil Sci Soc Am J 75:1070–1082.
Sozanska
M, Skiba U, Metcalfe S (2002) Developing an inventory of N2O
emissions from British soils. Atmos Environ 36:987–998.
Stehfest E, Bouwman L (2006) N2O
and NO emission from agricultural fields and soils under natural vegetation:
summarizing available measurement data and modeling of global annual emissions.
Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 74:207–228.
Uchida Y, Clough TJ, Kelliher FM,
Sherlock RR (2008) Effects of aggregate size, soil compaction, and bovine urine
on N2O emissions from a pasture soil. Soil Biol Biochem 40:924–931.
van Beek CL, Pleijter M, Kuikman PJ
(2011) Nitrous oxide emissions from fertilized and unfertilized grasslands on
peat soil. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 89:453–461.
Vitousek PM, Aber JD, Howarth RW,
Likens GE, Matson PA, Schindler D , Schlesinger WH, Tilman D (1997) Human
alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: sources and consequences. Ecol Appl 7:
737–750.
Wang J, Xiong Z, Yan X (2011)
Fertilizer-induced emission factors and background emissions of N2O
from vegetable fields in China. Atmos Environ 45:6923–6929.
Wang WC, Yung YL, Lacis AA, Mo T,
Hansen JE (1976) Greenhouse effects due to man-mad perturbations of trace
gases. Science 194:685–690.
Watts SH, Seitzinger SP (2000)
Denitrification rates in organic and mineral soils from riparian sites: a
comparison of N2 flux and acetylene inhibition methods. Soil Biol
Biochem 32:1383–1392.
Wrage N, Velthof GL, van
Beusichem ML, Oenema O (2001) Role of nitrifier denitrification in the production
of nitrous oxide. Soil Biol Biochem 33:1723–1732.
Yan X,
Akimoto H, Ohara T (2003) Estimation of nitrous oxide, nitric oxide and ammonia
emissions from croplands in East, Southeast and South Asia.
Glob Change Biol 9:1080–1096.
No comments:
Post a Comment